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Liu, S. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: What makes boundary-layer convergence lines so effective and deep-convection initiation? Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.
Schultz, D. M., F. H. Azcue, D. Lowe, D. J. Kirshbaum, and M. V. Young, 2025: Rethinking the Spanish Plume: airstream analysis challenges the canonical conceptual model. Submitted to Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.
Lu*, G., D. J. Kirshbaum, and H. Xue, 2025: The role of orography on convection initiation over Hainan
Island. Submitted to Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.
Wang, D., S. Lee, T. Zhang, C. P. Lackner, D. Kirshbaum, and M. P. Jensen, 2025: Causal directions matter: how environmental factors drive convective cloud detrainment heights. Submitted to Geophys. Res. Lett.
Kirshbaum, D. J., K. D. Sindhu*, and D. D. Turner, 2025: An observational evaluation of RKW theory over the US southern Great Plains. J. Atmos. Sci., in press, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-24-0185.1.
2025
Schultz, D. M., M. Young, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: The "Spanish Plume" elevated mixed layer: review of its use and misuse within the scientific literature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 153(5): 737-761.
Lopez*, A. D. J. Kirshbaum, and N. Lareau, 2025: Convection-permitting ensembles of an isolated mountain thunderstorm during RELAMPAGO/CACTI. Mon. Wea. Rev., 153(2): 205-224. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-24-0125.1.
Liu*, J. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: Environmental conditions controlling the morphology of shallow orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 82(3): 483-500. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-24-0113.1.
Robinson, F. J., D. Kirshbaum, S. Sherwood, L. Cahill, E. Juliano, and C. Liu, 2025: Investigating the effects of orography and ambient wind on deep convection over tropical islands. J. Atmos. Sci. 82(1): 139-157. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-23-0204.1
Lareau, N., T. Knopp, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2024. Mechanical and thermal forcing for upslope flows and cumulus convection over the Sierras de Cordoba. Mon. Wea. Rev., 52: 2149-2167. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-23-0254.1
Kirshbaum, D. J., H. Morrison, and J. M. Peters, 2024: Simplified approximations of cumulus entrainment and detrainment. J. Atmos. Sci., 81: 1049-1066. DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-23-0232.1
Meera*, M., T. M. Merlis, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2024: Response of the current climate to land-ocean contrasts in cumulus entrainment. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 16: e2023MS003691.
Liu*, S., K. Sindhu*, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2023: Observations of boundary-layer convergence lines and associated updrafts in the US Southern Great Plains. J. Atmos. Sci., 80(12): 2947-2968.
Manzato, A., S. Serafin, M. M. Miglietta, D. Kirshbaum, and W. Schulz, 2022: A pan-Alpine climatology of lightning and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 150(9): 2213-2230. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0149.1.
Tootill*, D. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2022: Ensemble sensitivity of precipitation type to initial conditions for a major freezing rain event in Montreal. Mon. Wea. Rev., 150(7): 1761-1780. DOI:10.1175/MWR-D-21-0254.1.
Rotach, M. W., S. Serafin, H. C. Ward, M. Arpagus, I. Colfescu, J. Cuxart, S. F. J. De Wekker, V. Grubisic, N. Kalthoff, T. Karl, D. J. Kirshbaum, M. Lehner, S. Mobbs, A. Paci, E. Palazzi, A. Bailey, J. Schmidli, C. Wittman, G. Wohlfahrt, D. Zardi, 2021: A collaborative effort to better understand, measure and model atmospheric exchange processes over mountains. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103(5): E1282-E1295. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0232.1.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2022: Large-eddy simulations of convection initiation over heterogeneous, low terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 79: 973-987. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0197.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2022: A parameterization of slantwise convection in the WRF model. J. Atmos. Sci., 79: 227-245. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0131.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2021: Sensitivities of slantwise convection dynamics to model grid spacing under an idealized framework. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 147: 1930-1948. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4003.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and K. Lamer, 2021: Climatological Sensitivities of Shallow-Cumulus Bulk Entrainment in Continental and Oceanic Locations. J. Atmos. Sci., 78: 2429-2443, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0377.1.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2021: Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution. Part 2: Vertical wind profile. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21: 14039-14058.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2020: Towards the closure of momentum budget analyses in the WRF (v3.8.1) model. Geosci. Model. Dev., 13: 1737-1761. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-1737-2020.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2020: Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution. Part I: Selected thermodynamic conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys, 20: 13217-13239. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-13217-2020.
Tang*, S. L. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2020: On the sensitivity of deep-convection initiation to horizontal grid resolution.Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146: 1085-1105. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3726.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2020: Numerical simulations of orographic convection across multiple grey zones. J. Atmos. Sci., 77: 3301:3320, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0035.1.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. N. Straub, 2019: Linear theory of shallow convection in deep, vertically sheared atmospheres. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 145, 3129--3147. DOI:10.1002/qj.3609.
McTaggart-Cowan, R., P. Vaillancourt, A. Zadra, L. Separovic, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2019: A Lagrangian perspective on parameterizing deep convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147(11): 4127--4149. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0164.1.
Wang*, C.-C., D. J. Kirshbaum, and D. M. L. Sills, 2019: Convection initiation aided by lake-breeze convergence over the Niagara Peninsula. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147(11): 3955--3979. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0123.1.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2019: Evaluation of shallow cumulus entrainment rate retrievals using large-eddy simulation. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 124: 9624--9643, DOI: 10.1029/2019JD030889.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. M. Schultz, 2018: Convective cloud bands downwind of mesoscale mountain ridges. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 4265--4286. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0211.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2018: Assessment
of conditional symmetric instability from global reanalysis data. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 2425--2443.
Purnell*, D. J. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2018: Synoptic control over
orographic precipitation distributions during the Olympics Mountains
Experiment (OLYMPEX). Mon. Wea. Rev., 146: 1023-1044.
Serafin, S., B. Adler, J. Cuxart, S. F. J. De Wekker, A. Gohm, B. Grisogono, N. Kalthoff, D. J. Kirshbaum, M. W. Rotach, J.
Schmidli, I Stiperski, Z. Vecenaj, D. Zardi, 2018: Exchange processes in the atmospheric boundary layer over mountainous terrain. Atmosphere, 9: 102 (32 Pp), doi:10.3390/atmos9030102.
Kirshbaum, D. J., B. Adler, N. Kalthoff, C. Barthlott, and S.
Serafin, 2018: Moist orographic convection: physical mechanisms and
links to surface-exchange processes. Atmosphere, 9: 80 (26 Pp), doi:10.3390/atmos9030080.
Kirshbaum, D. J., T. M. Merlis, J. R. Gyakum, and R.
McTaggart-Cowan, 2018: Sensitivity of idealized moist baroclinic waves
to environmental temperature and moisture content. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 337-360.
2017
Harrison, R. G., G. Pretor-Pinney, G. J. Marlton, G. D. Anderson, D. J.
Kirshbaum, and R. J. Hogan, 2017: Asperitas---a newly identified cloud supplementary feature.
Weather, 72, 5: 132-141.
Wang*, C.-C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2017: Idealized simulations of sea breezes over mountainous islands. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 143: 1657-1669.
Cookson-Hills*, P., D. J. Kirshbaum, M. Surcel, J. G. Doyle, L.
Fillion, D. Jacques, and S.-J. Baek, 2017: Verification of 24-hour
quantitative precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest from a
high-resolution Ensemble Kalman Filter system. Wea. Forecasting, 32: 1185-1208.
Fairman*, J. G. Jr, D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and
A. I. Barrett*, 2017: Climatology of size, shape and intensity of
precipitation features over the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. J. Hydromet., 18: 1595-1615.
Rousseau-Rizzi*, R., D. J. Kirshbaum, and M. K. Yau, 2017:
Initiation of deep convection over an idealized mesoscale convergence
line. J. Atmos. Sci., 74: 835--853.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2017: On upstream blocking over heated mountain ridges. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 143: 53--68.
Fairman*, J. G. Jr, D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and
A. I. Barrett*, 2016: Climatology of banded precipitation over the
contiguous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144(12): 4553--4568.
Teixeira, M. A. C., D. J. Kirshbaum, H. Olafsson, P. F. Sheridan, and I. Stiperski, 2016: Editorial: The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions. Front. Earth Sci., 4: 84.
Kovacs*, M. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2016: Topographic impacts on the
spatial distribution of deep convection over southern Qu\E9bec. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 55: 743-762.
Barrett*, A. I., S. L. Gray, D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, D. M.
Schultz and J. G. Fairman*, Jr, 2016: The utility of
convection-permitting ensembles for the prediction of stationary
convective bands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144: 1093-1114.
Kirshbaum, D. J., F. Fabry, and Q. Cazenave, 2016: The Mississippi
Valley convection minimum on summer afternoons: observations and
numerical simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144: 263-272.
Barrett*, A. I., S. L. Gray, D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, D. M.
Schultz, and J. G. Fairman*, Jr., 2015: Synoptic versus orographic
control on stationary convective banding. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 141: 1101-1113.
Wang*, C.-C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2015: Thermally forced convection over a mountainous tropical island. J. Atmos. Sci., 72: 2484-2506. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0325.1.
Fairman*, J. G., D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and A. I. Barrett*, 2015: A radar-based rainfall climatology of Great Britain and Ireland. Weather, 70: 153-158. DOI: 10.1002/wea.2486.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and J. G. Fairman*, Jr., 2015: Cloud trails past the Lesser Antilles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 143: 995-1017. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00254.1.
Cannon*, D. J., D. J. Kirshbaum, and S. L. Gray, 2014: A mixed-phase
bulk orographic precipitation model with embedded convection.
Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140: 1997-2012.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and C.-C. Wang*, 2014: Boundary-layer updrafts driven by airflow over heated terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 71: 1425-1442.
Soderholm*, B., B. Ronalds*, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2014: The evolution
of convective storms initiated by an isolated mountain ridge.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 142: 1430-1451.
Warren*, R. A., D. J. Kirshbaum, R. S. Plant, and H. W. Lean, 2014:
A 'Boscastle-type' quasi-stationary convective system over the UK
southwest peninsula. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140: 240-257.
Barthlott, C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2013: Sensitivity of deep convection
to terrain forcing over Mediterranean islands. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 139: 1762-1779.
Lawson*, J., D. M. Schultz, G. Vaughan, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2013:
Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind-profiling radar and radiosonde
data. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 14: 146-152.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2013: On thermally forced circulations over heated terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 70: 1690-1709.
Hanley*, K. E., D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, and G. Leoncini,
2013: Sensitivities of a squall line over central Europe in a
convective-scale ensemble. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141: 112–133.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and A. L. M. Grant, 2012: Invigoration of cumulus
cloud fields by mesoscale ascent. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 138: 2136-2150.
Smith, R. B., A. Nugent, J. Minder, D. J. Kirshbaum, R. Warren*, N. Lareau, P. Palany, A. James, and J. French, 2012: Orographic precipitation in
the tropics: the Dominica Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93: 1567-1579.
Cannon*, D. J., D. J. Kirshbaum, and S. L. Gray, 2012: Under what conditions does embedded convection enhance orographic precipitation? Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 138: 391-406.
Hanley*, K. E, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. E. Belcher, N. M. Roberts, and G. Leoncini, 2011: Ensemble predictability of an isolated mountain thunderstorm in a high-resolution model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137: 2124-2137.
Doyle, J. D., S. Gabersek, Q. Jiang, L. Bernardet, J. M. Brown, A. Dornbrack, E. Filaus, V. Grubisic, D. J. Kirshbaum, O. Knoth, S. Koch, J. Schmidli, I. Stiperski, S. Vosper, and S. Zhong, 2011: An intercomparison of T-REX mountain wave simulations and implications for mesoscale predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139: 2811-2831.
Robinson, F. R., S. C. Sherwood, D. Gerstle, C. Liu, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2011: Exploring the land-ocean contrast in convective vigor using islands. J. Atmos. Sci., 68: 602-618.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2011: Cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection over a heated mountain. J. Atmos. Sci., 68: 361–378.
Barthlott, C., R. Burton, D. Kirshbaum, K. Hanley*, E. Richard, J.-P. Chaboureau, J. Trentmann, B. Kern, H.-S. Bauer, T. Schwitalla, C. Keil, Y. Seity, A. Gadian, A. Blyth, S. Mobbs, C. Flamant, J. Handwerker, 2011: Initiation of deep convection at marginal instability in an ensemble of mesoscale models: A case study from COPS. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137: 118-136.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and R. B. Smith, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: large-eddy simulations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 66: 2559-2578.
Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. J. Kirshbaum, and E. Regina, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Experiments in Dominica. J. Atmos. Sci., 66: 1698-1716.
Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. J. Kirshbaum, and E. Regina, 2009: Orographic enhancement of precipitation inside Hurricane Dean. J. Hydromet., 10: 820-831.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and R. B. Smith, 2008: Temperature and moist-stability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134: 1183-1199.
Kirshbaum, D. J., R. Rotunno, and G. H. Bryan, 2007: The spacing of orographic rainbands triggered by small-scale topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 64: 4222-4245.
Kirshbaum, D. J., G. H. Bryan, R. Rotunno, and D. R. Durran, 2007: The triggering of orographic rainbands by small-scale topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 64: 1530-1549.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2005: Atmospheric factors governing banded orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 62: 3758-3774.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2005: Observations and modeling of banded orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 62: 1463-1479.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2004: Factors governing cellular convection in orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61: 682-698.