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Liu, S. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: What makes boundary-layer convergence lines so effective and deep-convection initiation? Submitted to J. Atmos. Sci.
Schultz, D. M., F. H. Azcue, D. Lowe, D. J. Kirshbaum, and M. V. Young, 2025: Rethinking the Spanish Plume: airstream analysis challenges the canonical conceptual model. Submitted to Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc.
Lu*, G., D. J. Kirshbaum, and H. Xue, 2025: The role of orography on convection initiation over Hainan Island. Q. J. Roy. Meteorol. Soc., in press. DOI:10.1002/qj.5068.
Published
2025
Kirshbaum, D. J., K. D. Sindhu*, and D. D. Turner, 2025: An observational evaluation of RKW theory over the US southern Great Plains. J. Atmos. Sci., 82: 1341-1360. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-24-0185.1
Wang, D., S. Lee, T. Zhang, C. P. Lackner, D. Kirshbaum, and M. P. Jensen, 2025: Causal directions matter: how environmental factors drive convective cloud detrainment heights. Geophys. Res. Lett., 52: e2025GL114941. DOI: 10.1029/2025GL114941
Schultz, D. M., M. Young, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: The "Spanish Plume" elevated mixed layer: review of its use and misuse within the scientific literature. Mon. Wea. Rev., 153(5): 737-761.
Lopez*, A. D. J. Kirshbaum, and N. Lareau, 2025: Convection-permitting ensembles of an isolated mountain thunderstorm during RELAMPAGO/CACTI. Mon. Wea. Rev., 153(2): 205-224. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-24-0125.1.
Liu*, J. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2025: Environmental conditions controlling the morphology of shallow orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 82(3): 483-500. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-24-0113.1.
Robinson, F. J., D. Kirshbaum, S. Sherwood, L. Cahill, E. Juliano, and C. Liu, 2025: Investigating the effects of orography and ambient wind on deep convection over tropical islands. J. Atmos. Sci. 82(1): 139-157. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-23-0204.1
Lareau, N., T. Knopp, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2024. Mechanical and thermal forcing for upslope flows and cumulus convection over the Sierras de Cordoba. Mon. Wea. Rev., 52: 2149-2167. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-23-0254.1
Kirshbaum, D. J., H. Morrison, and J. M. Peters, 2024: Simplified approximations of cumulus entrainment and detrainment. J. Atmos. Sci., 81: 1049-1066. DOI:10.1175/JAS-D-23-0232.1
Meera*, M., T. M. Merlis, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2024: Response of the current climate to land-ocean contrasts in cumulus entrainment. J. Adv. Model. Earth Sy., 16: e2023MS003691.
Liu*, S., K. Sindhu*, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2023: Observations of boundary-layer convergence lines and associated updrafts in the US Southern Great Plains. J. Atmos. Sci., 80(12): 2947-2968.
Manzato, A., S. Serafin, M. M. Miglietta, D. Kirshbaum, and W. Schulz, 2022: A pan-Alpine climatology of lightning and convective initiation. Mon. Wea. Rev., 150(9): 2213-2230. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-21-0149.1.
Tootill*, D. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2022: Ensemble sensitivity of precipitation type to initial conditions for a major freezing rain event in Montreal. Mon. Wea. Rev., 150(7): 1761-1780. DOI:10.1175/MWR-D-21-0254.1.
Rotach, M. W., S. Serafin, H. C. Ward, M. Arpagus, I. Colfescu, J. Cuxart, S. F. J. De Wekker, V. Grubisic, N. Kalthoff, T. Karl, D. J. Kirshbaum, M. Lehner, S. Mobbs, A. Paci, E. Palazzi, A. Bailey, J. Schmidli, C. Wittman, G. Wohlfahrt, D. Zardi, 2021: A collaborative effort to better understand, measure and model atmospheric exchange processes over mountains. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 103(5): E1282-E1295. DOI:10.1175/BAMS-D-21-0232.1.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2022: Large-eddy simulations of convection initiation over heterogeneous, low terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 79: 973-987. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0197.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2022: A parameterization of slantwise convection in the WRF model. J. Atmos. Sci., 79: 227-245. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-21-0131.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2021: Sensitivities of slantwise convection dynamics to model grid spacing under an idealized framework. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 147: 1930-1948. DOI: 10.1002/qj.4003.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and K. Lamer, 2021: Climatological Sensitivities of Shallow-Cumulus Bulk Entrainment in Continental and Oceanic Locations. J. Atmos. Sci., 78: 2429-2443, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0377.1.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2021: Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution. Part 2: Vertical wind profile. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21: 14039-14058.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2020: Towards the closure of momentum budget analyses in the WRF (v3.8.1) model. Geosci. Model. Dev. 13: 1737-1761. DOI: 10.5194/gmd-13-1737-2020.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2020: Environmental sensitivities of shallow-cumulus dilution. Part I: Selected thermodynamic conditions. Atmos. Chem. Phys, 20: 13217-13239. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-13217-2020.
Tang*, S. L. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2020: On the sensitivity of deep-convection initiation to horizontal grid resolution. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 146: 1085-1105. DOI: 10.1002/qj.3726.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2020: Numerical simulations of orographic convection across multiple grey zones. J. Atmos. Sci., 77: 3301:3320, DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0035.1.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. N. Straub, 2019: Linear theory of shallow convection in deep, vertically sheared atmospheres. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 145, 3129--3147. DOI:10.1002/qj.3609.
McTaggart-Cowan, R., P. Vaillancourt, A. Zadra, L. Separovic, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2019: A Lagrangian perspective on parameterizing deep convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147(11): 4127--4149. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0164.1.
Wang*, C.-C., D. J. Kirshbaum, and D. M. L. Sills, 2019: Convection initiation aided by lake-breeze convergence over the Niagara Peninsula. Mon. Wea. Rev., 147(11): 3955--3979. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-19-0123.1.
Drueke*, S., D. J. Kirshbaum, and P. Kollias, 2019: Evaluation of shallow cumulus entrainment rate retrievals using large-eddy simulation. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos, 124: 9624--9643, DOI: 10.1029/2019JD030889.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. M. Schultz, 2018: Convective cloud bands downwind of mesoscale mountain ridges. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 4265--4286. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-18-0211.1.
Chen*, T.-C., M. K. Yau, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2018: Assessment
of conditional symmetric instability from global reanalysis data. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 2425--2443.
Purnell*, D. J. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2018: Synoptic control over
orographic precipitation distributions during the Olympics Mountains
Experiment (OLYMPEX). Mon. Wea. Rev., 146: 1023-1044.
Serafin, S., B. Adler, J. Cuxart, S. F. J. De Wekker, A. Gohm, B. Grisogono, N. Kalthoff, D. J. Kirshbaum, M. W. Rotach, J.
Schmidli, I Stiperski, Z. Vecenaj, D. Zardi, 2018: Exchange processes in the atmospheric boundary layer over mountainous terrain. Atmosphere, 9: 102 (32 Pp), doi:10.3390/atmos9030102.
Kirshbaum, D. J., B. Adler, N. Kalthoff, C. Barthlott, and S.
Serafin, 2018: Moist orographic convection: physical mechanisms and
links to surface-exchange processes. Atmosphere, 9: 80 (26 Pp), doi:10.3390/atmos9030080.
Kirshbaum, D. J., T. M. Merlis, J. R. Gyakum, and R. McTaggart-Cowan, 2018: Sensitivity of idealized moist baroclinic waves to environmental temperature and moisture content. J. Atmos. Sci., 75: 337-360.
2017
Harrison, R. G., G. Pretor-Pinney, G. J. Marlton, G. D. Anderson, D. J.
Kirshbaum, and R. J. Hogan, 2017: Asperitas---a newly identified cloud supplementary feature.
Weather, 72, 5: 132-141.
Wang*, C.-C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2017: Idealized simulations of sea breezes over mountainous islands. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 143: 1657-1669.
Cookson-Hills*, P., D. J. Kirshbaum, M. Surcel, J. G. Doyle, L.
Fillion, D. Jacques, and S.-J. Baek, 2017: Verification of 24-hour
quantitative precipitation forecasts over the Pacific Northwest from a
high-resolution Ensemble Kalman Filter system. Wea. Forecasting, 32: 1185-1208.
Fairman*, J. G. Jr, D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and
A. I. Barrett*, 2017: Climatology of size, shape and intensity of
precipitation features over the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. J. Hydromet., 18: 1595-1615.
Rousseau-Rizzi*, R., D. J. Kirshbaum, and M. K. Yau, 2017:
Initiation of deep convection over an idealized mesoscale convergence
line. J. Atmos. Sci., 74: 835--853.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2017: On upstream blocking over heated mountain ridges. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 143: 53--68.
Fairman*, J. G. Jr, D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and A. I. Barrett*, 2016: Climatology of banded precipitation over the contiguous United States. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144(12): 4553--4568.
Teixeira, M. A. C., D. J. Kirshbaum, H. Olafsson, P. F. Sheridan, and I. Stiperski, 2016: Editorial: The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions. Front. Earth Sci., 4: 84.
Kovacs*, M. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2016: Topographic impacts on the
spatial distribution of deep convection over southern Québec. J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 55: 743-762.
Barrett*, A. I., S. L. Gray, D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, D. M.
Schultz and J. G. Fairman*, Jr, 2016: The utility of
convection-permitting ensembles for the prediction of stationary
convective bands. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144: 1093-1114.
Kirshbaum, D. J., F. Fabry, and Q. Cazenave, 2016: The Mississippi
Valley convection minimum on summer afternoons: observations and
numerical simulations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 144: 263-272.
Barrett*, A. I., S. L. Gray, D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, D. M.
Schultz, and J. G. Fairman*, Jr., 2015: Synoptic versus orographic
control on stationary convective banding. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 141: 1101-1113.
Wang*, C.-C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2015: Thermally forced convection over a mountainous tropical island. J. Atmos. Sci., 72: 2484-2506. DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-14-0325.1.
Fairman*, J. G., D. M. Schultz, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. L. Gray, and A. I. Barrett*, 2015: A radar-based rainfall climatology of Great Britain and Ireland. Weather, 70: 153-158. DOI: 10.1002/wea.2486.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and J. G. Fairman*, Jr., 2015: Cloud trails past the Lesser Antilles. Mon. Wea. Rev., 143: 995-1017. DOI: 10.1175/MWR-D-14-00254.1.
Cannon*, D. J., D. J. Kirshbaum, and S. L. Gray, 2014: A mixed-phase
bulk orographic precipitation model with embedded convection.
Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140: 1997-2012.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and C.-C. Wang*, 2014: Boundary-layer updrafts driven by airflow over heated terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 71: 1425-1442.
Soderholm*, B., B. Ronalds*, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2014: The evolution
of convective storms initiated by an isolated mountain ridge.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 142: 1430-1451.
Warren*, R. A., D. J. Kirshbaum, R. S. Plant, and H. W. Lean, 2014:
A 'Boscastle-type' quasi-stationary convective system over the UK
southwest peninsula. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 140: 240-257.
Barthlott, C. and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2013: Sensitivity of deep convection
to terrain forcing over Mediterranean islands. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 139: 1762-1779.
Lawson*, J., D. M. Schultz, G. Vaughan, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2013:
Multiple bands near fronts in VHF wind-profiling radar and radiosonde
data. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 14: 146-152.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2013: On thermally forced circulations over heated terrain. J. Atmos. Sci., 70: 1690-1709.
Hanley*, K. E., D. J. Kirshbaum, N. M. Roberts, and G. Leoncini,
2013: Sensitivities of a squall line over central Europe in a
convective-scale ensemble. Mon. Wea. Rev., 141: 112–133.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and A. L. M. Grant, 2012: Invigoration of cumulus
cloud fields by mesoscale ascent. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 138: 2136-2150.
Smith, R. B., A. Nugent, J. Minder, D. J. Kirshbaum, R. Warren*, N. Lareau, P. Palany, A. James, and J. French, 2012: Orographic precipitation in
the tropics: the Dominica Experiment. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 93: 1567-1579.
Cannon*, D. J., D. J. Kirshbaum, and S. L. Gray, 2012: Under what conditions does embedded convection enhance orographic precipitation? Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 138: 391-406.
Hanley*, K. E, D. J. Kirshbaum, S. E. Belcher, N. M. Roberts, and G. Leoncini, 2011: Ensemble predictability of an isolated mountain thunderstorm in a high-resolution model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137: 2124-2137.
Doyle, J. D., S. Gabersek, Q. Jiang, L. Bernardet, J. M. Brown, A. Dornbrack, E. Filaus, V. Grubisic, D. J. Kirshbaum, O. Knoth, S. Koch, J. Schmidli, I. Stiperski, S. Vosper, and S. Zhong, 2011: An intercomparison of T-REX mountain wave simulations and implications for mesoscale predictability. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139: 2811-2831.
Robinson, F. R., S. C. Sherwood, D. Gerstle, C. Liu, and D. J. Kirshbaum, 2011: Exploring the land-ocean contrast in convective vigor using islands. J. Atmos. Sci., 68: 602-618.
Kirshbaum, D. J., 2011: Cloud-resolving simulations of deep convection over a heated mountain. J. Atmos. Sci., 68: 361–378.
Barthlott, C., R. Burton, D. Kirshbaum, K. Hanley*, E. Richard, J.-P. Chaboureau, J. Trentmann, B. Kern, H.-S. Bauer, T. Schwitalla, C. Keil, Y. Seity, A. Gadian, A. Blyth, S. Mobbs, C. Flamant, J. Handwerker, 2011: Initiation of deep convection at marginal instability in an ensemble of mesoscale models: A case study from COPS. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 137: 118-136.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and R. B. Smith, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: large-eddy simulations and theory. J. Atmos. Sci., 66: 2559-2578.
Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. J. Kirshbaum, and E. Regina, 2009: Orographic precipitation in the tropics: Experiments in Dominica. J. Atmos. Sci., 66: 1698-1716.
Smith, R. B., P. Schafer, D. J. Kirshbaum, and E. Regina, 2009: Orographic enhancement of precipitation inside Hurricane Dean. J. Hydromet., 10: 820-831.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and R. B. Smith, 2008: Temperature and moist-stability effects on midlatitude orographic precipitation. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 134: 1183-1199.
Kirshbaum, D. J., R. Rotunno, and G. H. Bryan, 2007: The spacing of orographic rainbands triggered by small-scale topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 64: 4222-4245.
Kirshbaum, D. J., G. H. Bryan, R. Rotunno, and D. R. Durran, 2007: The triggering of orographic rainbands by small-scale topography. J. Atmos. Sci., 64: 1530-1549.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2005: Atmospheric factors governing banded orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 62: 3758-3774.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2005: Observations and modeling of banded orographic convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 62: 1463-1479.
Kirshbaum, D. J. and D. R. Durran, 2004: Factors governing cellular convection in orographic precipitation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61: 682-698.